diff --git a/Src/Newtonsoft.Json.Tests/Linq/MergeTests.cs b/Src/Newtonsoft.Json.Tests/Linq/MergeTests.cs
index 7108c92e..db660052 100644
--- a/Src/Newtonsoft.Json.Tests/Linq/MergeTests.cs
+++ b/Src/Newtonsoft.Json.Tests/Linq/MergeTests.cs
@@ -46,6 +46,18 @@ namespace Newtonsoft.Json.Tests.Linq
     [TestFixture]
     public class MergeTests : TestFixtureBase
     {
+        [Test]
+        public void MergeInvalidObject()
+        {
+            var a = new JObject();
+
+            ExceptionAssert.Throws<ArgumentException>(
+                () => a.Merge(new Version()),
+                @"Could not determine JSON object type for type System.Version.
+Parameter name: content",
+                @"Could not determine JSON object type for type System.Version. (Parameter 'content')");
+        }
+
         [Test]
         public void MergeArraySelf()
         {
@@ -70,6 +82,38 @@ namespace Newtonsoft.Json.Tests.Linq
             }, a);
         }
 
+        [Test]
+        public void MergeArrayIntoArray_Replace()
+        {
+            var a = new JArray { "1", "2" };
+            a.Merge(new string[] { "3", "4" }, new JsonMergeSettings { MergeArrayHandling = MergeArrayHandling.Replace });
+            Assert.AreEqual(new JArray { "3", "4" }, a);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MergeArrayIntoArray_Concat()
+        {
+            var a = new JArray { "1", "2" };
+            a.Merge(new string[] { "3", "4" }, new JsonMergeSettings { MergeArrayHandling = MergeArrayHandling.Concat });
+            Assert.AreEqual(new JArray { "1", "2", "3", "4" }, a);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MergeArrayIntoArray_Union()
+        {
+            var a = new JArray { "1", "2" };
+            a.Merge(new string[] { "2", "3", "4" }, new JsonMergeSettings { MergeArrayHandling = MergeArrayHandling.Union });
+            Assert.AreEqual(new JArray { "1", "2", "3", "4" }, a);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void MergeArrayIntoArray_Merge()
+        {
+            var a = new JArray { "1", "2" };
+            a.Merge(new string[] { "2" }, new JsonMergeSettings { MergeArrayHandling = MergeArrayHandling.Merge });
+            Assert.AreEqual(new JArray { "2", "2" }, a);
+        }
+
         [Test]
         public void MergeNullString()
         {
diff --git a/Src/Newtonsoft.Json/Linq/JContainer.cs b/Src/Newtonsoft.Json/Linq/JContainer.cs
index 945de5c7..07f833bd 100644
--- a/Src/Newtonsoft.Json/Linq/JContainer.cs
+++ b/Src/Newtonsoft.Json/Linq/JContainer.cs
@@ -723,8 +723,14 @@ namespace Newtonsoft.Json.Linq
         /// Merge the specified content into this <see cref="JToken"/>.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="content">The content to be merged.</param>
-        public void Merge(object content)
+        public void Merge(object? content)
         {
+            if (content == null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            ValidateContent(content);
             MergeItem(content, null);
         }
 
@@ -733,11 +739,31 @@ namespace Newtonsoft.Json.Linq
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="content">The content to be merged.</param>
         /// <param name="settings">The <see cref="JsonMergeSettings"/> used to merge the content.</param>
-        public void Merge(object content, JsonMergeSettings? settings)
+        public void Merge(object? content, JsonMergeSettings? settings)
         {
+            if (content == null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            ValidateContent(content);
             MergeItem(content, settings);
         }
 
+        private void ValidateContent(object content)
+        {
+            if (content.GetType().IsSubclassOf(typeof(JToken)))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+            if (IsMultiContent(content))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            throw new ArgumentException("Could not determine JSON object type for type {0}.".FormatWith(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, content.GetType()), nameof(content));
+        }
+
         internal void ReadTokenFrom(JsonReader reader, JsonLoadSettings? options)
         {
             int startDepth = reader.Depth;
@@ -1141,20 +1167,22 @@ namespace Newtonsoft.Json.Linq
             switch (settings?.MergeArrayHandling ?? MergeArrayHandling.Concat)
             {
                 case MergeArrayHandling.Concat:
-                    foreach (JToken item in content)
+                    foreach (object item in content)
                     {
-                        target.Add(item);
+                        target.Add(CreateFromContent(item));
                     }
                     break;
                 case MergeArrayHandling.Union:
 #if HAVE_HASH_SET
                     HashSet<JToken> items = new HashSet<JToken>(target, EqualityComparer);
 
-                    foreach (JToken item in content)
+                    foreach (object item in content)
                     {
-                        if (items.Add(item))
+                        JToken contentItem = CreateFromContent(item);
+
+                        if (items.Add(contentItem))
                         {
-                            target.Add(item);
+                            target.Add(contentItem);
                         }
                     }
 #else
@@ -1164,12 +1192,14 @@ namespace Newtonsoft.Json.Linq
                         items[t] = true;
                     }
 
-                    foreach (JToken item in content)
+                    foreach (object item in content)
                     {
-                        if (!items.ContainsKey(item))
+                        JToken contentItem = CreateFromContent(item);
+
+                        if (!items.ContainsKey(contentItem))
                         {
-                            items[item] = true;
-                            target.Add(item);
+                            items[contentItem] = true;
+                            target.Add(contentItem);
                         }
                     }
 #endif
@@ -1180,9 +1210,9 @@ namespace Newtonsoft.Json.Linq
                         break;
                     }
                     target.ClearItems();
-                    foreach (JToken item in content)
+                    foreach (object item in content)
                     {
-                        target.Add(item);
+                        target.Add(CreateFromContent(item));
                     }
                     break;
                 case MergeArrayHandling.Merge:
@@ -1211,7 +1241,7 @@ namespace Newtonsoft.Json.Linq
                         }
                         else
                         {
-                            target.Add(targetItem);
+                            target.Add(CreateFromContent(targetItem));
                         }
 
                         i++;