diff --git a/Src/Newtonsoft.Json.Tests/Serialization/DependencyInjectionTests.cs b/Src/Newtonsoft.Json.Tests/Serialization/DependencyInjectionTests.cs
index 1888f9a3..3fb8f06c 100644
--- a/Src/Newtonsoft.Json.Tests/Serialization/DependencyInjectionTests.cs
+++ b/Src/Newtonsoft.Json.Tests/Serialization/DependencyInjectionTests.cs
@@ -209,7 +209,6 @@ namespace Newtonsoft.Json.Tests.Serialization
             User user = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<User>("{'company':{'company_name':'Company name!'}}", new JsonSerializerSettings
             {
                 ContractResolver = resolver
-
             });
 
             Assert.AreEqual("Company name!", user.Company.CompanyName);
diff --git a/Src/Newtonsoft.Json/Linq/JsonPath/JPath.cs b/Src/Newtonsoft.Json/Linq/JsonPath/JPath.cs
index edf582ae..88d86912 100644
--- a/Src/Newtonsoft.Json/Linq/JsonPath/JPath.cs
+++ b/Src/Newtonsoft.Json/Linq/JsonPath/JPath.cs
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ namespace Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JsonPath
 
                 if (_expression[_currentIndex] == '$')
                 {
-                    expressionPath.Add(new RootFilter());
+                    expressionPath.Add(RootFilter.Instance);
                 }
                 else if (_expression[_currentIndex] != '@')
                 {
diff --git a/Src/Newtonsoft.Json/Linq/JsonPath/RootFilter.cs b/Src/Newtonsoft.Json/Linq/JsonPath/RootFilter.cs
index a91c2aa5..6ad3fb14 100644
--- a/Src/Newtonsoft.Json/Linq/JsonPath/RootFilter.cs
+++ b/Src/Newtonsoft.Json/Linq/JsonPath/RootFilter.cs
@@ -4,6 +4,12 @@ namespace Newtonsoft.Json.Linq.JsonPath
 {
     internal class RootFilter : PathFilter
     {
+        public static readonly RootFilter Instance = new RootFilter();
+
+        private RootFilter()
+        {
+        }
+
         public override IEnumerable<JToken> ExecuteFilter(JToken root, IEnumerable<JToken> current, bool errorWhenNoMatch)
         {
             return root;
diff --git a/Src/Newtonsoft.Json/Utilities/ConvertUtils.cs b/Src/Newtonsoft.Json/Utilities/ConvertUtils.cs
index 5cd37c8e..93e926f4 100644
--- a/Src/Newtonsoft.Json/Utilities/ConvertUtils.cs
+++ b/Src/Newtonsoft.Json/Utilities/ConvertUtils.cs
@@ -1065,7 +1065,7 @@ namespace Newtonsoft.Json.Utilities
                     }
 
                     // perform scaling
-                    var index = scale & 15;
+                    int index = scale & 15;
                     if (index != 0)
                     {
                         exp -= MultExp64Power10[index - 1] - 1;
@@ -1089,7 +1089,7 @@ namespace Newtonsoft.Json.Utilities
                     }
 
                     // perform scaling
-                    var index = scale & 15;
+                    int index = scale & 15;
                     if (index != 0)
                     {
                         exp += MultExp64Power10[index - 1];
@@ -1171,7 +1171,7 @@ namespace Newtonsoft.Json.Utilities
                 ulong b_hi = (b >> 32);
                 uint b_lo = (uint)b;
 
-                var result = a_hi * b_hi;
+                ulong result = a_hi * b_hi;
 
                 // save some multiplications if lo-parts aren't big enough to produce carry
                 // (hi-parts will be always big enough, since a and b are normalized)
@@ -1294,7 +1294,7 @@ namespace Newtonsoft.Json.Utilities
                                 return ParseResult.Invalid;
                             }
 
-                            var newExponent = (10 * exponent) + (c - '0');
+                            int newExponent = (10 * exponent) + (c - '0');
                             // stops updating exponent when overflowing
                             if (exponent < newExponent)
                             {
diff --git a/Src/Newtonsoft.Json/Utilities/DateTimeUtils.cs b/Src/Newtonsoft.Json/Utilities/DateTimeUtils.cs
index 29591731..693013b4 100644
--- a/Src/Newtonsoft.Json/Utilities/DateTimeUtils.cs
+++ b/Src/Newtonsoft.Json/Utilities/DateTimeUtils.cs
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ namespace Newtonsoft.Json.Utilities
                 case DateTimeKind.Utc:
                     return XmlDateTimeSerializationMode.Utc;
                 default:
-                    throw MiscellaneousUtils.CreateArgumentOutOfRangeException("kind", kind, "Unexpected DateTimeKind value.");
+                    throw MiscellaneousUtils.CreateArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(kind), kind, "Unexpected DateTimeKind value.");
             }
         }
 #else
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ namespace Newtonsoft.Json.Utilities
                 case DateTimeKind.Utc:
                     return "yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.FFFFFFFZ";
                 default:
-                    throw new Exception("Unexpected DateTimeKind value.");
+                    throw MiscellaneousUtils.CreateArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(kind), kind, "Unexpected DateTimeKind value.");
             }
         }
 #endif
diff --git a/Src/Newtonsoft.Json/Utilities/ReflectionUtils.cs b/Src/Newtonsoft.Json/Utilities/ReflectionUtils.cs
index 20133f08..865f3990 100644
--- a/Src/Newtonsoft.Json/Utilities/ReflectionUtils.cs
+++ b/Src/Newtonsoft.Json/Utilities/ReflectionUtils.cs
@@ -170,7 +170,8 @@ namespace Newtonsoft.Json.Utilities
         {
             if (binder != null)
             {
-                string assemblyName, typeName;
+                string assemblyName;
+                string typeName;
                 binder.BindToName(t, out assemblyName, out typeName);
 #if (NET20 || NET35)
                 // for older SerializationBinder implementations that didn't have BindToName